*: refstore -> ref/store

83 files changed, 0 insertions, 4268 deletions

diff --git a/refstore/batch.go b/refstore/batch.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a877a2c..00000000
--- a/refstore/batch.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-import objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-
-// Batch stages reference operations for one non-atomic apply.
-//
-// Unlike Transaction, Batch may reject some queued operations while still
-// applying others successfully when Apply runs.
-//
-// A batch borrows its underlying store and is invalid after that store is
-// closed.
-type Batch interface {
-	// Create creates one detached reference, requiring that the logical
-	// reference does not already exist.
-	Create(name string, newID objectid.ObjectID)
-	// Update updates one detached reference, requiring that the current logical
-	// reference value matches oldID.
-	Update(name string, newID, oldID objectid.ObjectID)
-	// Delete deletes one detached reference, requiring that the current logical
-	// reference value matches oldID.
-	Delete(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID)
-	// Verify verifies that the current logical reference value matches oldID.
-	Verify(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID)
-
-	// CreateSymbolic creates one symbolic reference, requiring that the named
-	// reference does not already exist.
-	CreateSymbolic(name, newTarget string)
-	// UpdateSymbolic updates one symbolic reference directly, requiring that its
-	// current target matches oldTarget.
-	UpdateSymbolic(name, newTarget, oldTarget string)
-	// DeleteSymbolic deletes one symbolic reference directly, requiring that its
-	// current target matches oldTarget.
-	DeleteSymbolic(name, oldTarget string)
-	// VerifySymbolic verifies that the named symbolic reference currently points
-	// at oldTarget.
-	VerifySymbolic(name, oldTarget string)
-
-	// Apply validates and applies queued operations, returning one result per
-	// queued operation in order. Fatal backend failures are returned separately.
-	//
-	// Apply is terminal. Further use of the batch is undefined behavior.
-	Apply() ([]BatchResult, error)
-	// Abort abandons the batch and releases any resources it holds.
-	//
-	// Abort is terminal. Further use of the batch is undefined behavior.
-	Abort() error
-}
-
-// BatchStatus reports the outcome for one queued batch operation.
-type BatchStatus uint8
-
-const (
-	BatchStatusApplied BatchStatus = iota
-	BatchStatusRejected
-	BatchStatusFatal
-	BatchStatusNotAttempted
-)
-
-// BatchResult reports the outcome for one queued batch operation.
-type BatchResult struct {
-	Name   string
-	Status BatchStatus
-	Error  error
-}
diff --git a/refstore/batch_store.go b/refstore/batch_store.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ccfdd10..00000000
--- a/refstore/batch_store.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-// BatchStore begins non-atomic reference batches.
-type BatchStore interface {
-	// BeginBatch creates one new queued batch.
-	BeginBatch() (Batch, error)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/chain/chain.go b/refstore/chain/chain.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0feb97c3..00000000
--- a/refstore/chain/chain.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-// Package chain provides a wrapper reference storage backend to query a chain
-// of backends.
-package chain
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-// Chain queries multiple reference stores in order.
-//
-// Chain borrows its backend stores.
-type Chain struct {
-	backends []refstore.ReadingStore
-}
diff --git a/refstore/chain/close.go b/refstore/chain/close.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bd74565..00000000
--- a/refstore/chain/close.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package chain
-
-// Close releases wrapper-local resources.
-//
-// Chain borrows its backends, so Close does not close them.
-//
-// Repeated calls to Close are undefined behavior.
-func (chain *Chain) Close() error { return nil }
diff --git a/refstore/chain/list.go b/refstore/chain/list.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c577ca85..00000000
--- a/refstore/chain/list.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-package chain
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-)
-
-// List lists references from every backend and deduplicates by ref name.
-//
-// First-seen wins, so earlier backends have precedence.
-func (chain *Chain) List(pattern string) ([]ref.Ref, error) {
-	var refs []ref.Ref
-
-	seen := map[string]struct{}{}
-
-	for i, backend := range chain.backends {
-		listed, err := backend.List(pattern)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore: backend %d list: %w", i, err)
-		}
-
-		for _, entry := range listed {
-			if entry == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			name := entry.Name()
-			if _, ok := seen[name]; ok {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			seen[name] = struct{}{}
-
-			refs = append(refs, entry)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return refs, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/chain/new.go b/refstore/chain/new.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f8bdcb13..00000000
--- a/refstore/chain/new.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package chain
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-// New creates an ordered reference store chain.
-//
-// The provided backends must be non-nil and distinct.
-// Chain borrows the provided backends and does not close them in Close.
-func New(backends ...refstore.ReadingStore) *Chain {
-	return &Chain{
-		backends: append([]refstore.ReadingStore(nil), backends...),
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/chain/resolve.go b/refstore/chain/resolve.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 97dee24b..00000000
--- a/refstore/chain/resolve.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package chain
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-// Resolve resolves a reference from the first backend that has it.
-//
-//nolint:ireturn
-func (chain *Chain) Resolve(name string) (ref.Ref, error) {
-	for i, backend := range chain.backends {
-		resolved, err := backend.Resolve(name)
-		if err == nil {
-			return resolved, nil
-		}
-
-		if errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore: backend %d resolve: %w", i, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound
-}
-
-// ResolveToDetached resolves symbolic references through Resolve until detached.
-//
-// It intentionally does not call backend ResolveToDetached. This allows symbolic
-// references to cross backends in the chain.
-func (chain *Chain) ResolveToDetached(name string) (ref.Detached, error) {
-	cur := name
-
-	seen := map[string]struct{}{}
-	for {
-		if _, ok := seen[cur]; ok {
-			return ref.Detached{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore: symbolic reference cycle at %q", cur)
-		}
-
-		seen[cur] = struct{}{}
-
-		resolved, err := chain.Resolve(cur)
-		if err != nil {
-			return ref.Detached{}, err
-		}
-
-		switch resolved := resolved.(type) {
-		case ref.Detached:
-			return resolved, nil
-		case ref.Symbolic:
-			if resolved.Target == "" {
-				return ref.Detached{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore: symbolic reference %q has empty target", resolved.Name())
-			}
-
-			cur = resolved.Target
-		default:
-			return ref.Detached{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore: unsupported reference type %T", resolved)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/doc.go b/refstore/doc.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d6f3908..00000000
--- a/refstore/doc.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-// Package refstore provides interfaces for reference storage backends.
-package refstore
diff --git a/refstore/errors.go b/refstore/errors.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 45583440..00000000
--- a/refstore/errors.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-import "errors"
-
-// ErrReferenceNotFound indicates that a reference does not exist in a backend.
-// TODO: Interface error? Just like object not found in objectstore.
-var ErrReferenceNotFound = errors.New("refstore: reference not found")
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch.go b/refstore/files/batch.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 43eb1a08..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-type Batch struct {
-	store *Store
-	ops   []queuedUpdate
-}
-
-var _ refstore.Batch = (*Batch)(nil)
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_abort.go b/refstore/files/batch_abort.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cbd1651..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_abort.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (batch *Batch) Abort() error {
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_apply.go b/refstore/files/batch_apply.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5746aef5..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_apply.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-func (batch *Batch) Apply() ([]refstore.BatchResult, error) {
-	results := make([]refstore.BatchResult, len(batch.ops))
-	remainingIdx := make([]int, 0, len(batch.ops))
-	remainingOps := make([]queuedUpdate, 0, len(batch.ops))
-	seenTargets := make(map[string]struct{}, len(batch.ops))
-	executor := &refUpdateExecutor{store: batch.store}
-
-	for i, op := range batch.ops {
-		results[i].Name = op.name
-
-		err := executor.validateQueuedUpdate(op)
-		if err != nil {
-			results[i].Status = refstore.BatchStatusRejected
-			results[i].Error = batchResultError(err)
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		target, err := executor.resolveQueuedUpdateTarget(op)
-		if err != nil {
-			if isBatchRejected(err) {
-				results[i].Status = refstore.BatchStatusRejected
-				results[i].Error = batchResultError(err)
-
-				continue
-			}
-
-			results[i].Status = refstore.BatchStatusFatal
-			results[i].Error = batchResultError(err)
-
-			for j := i + 1; j < len(results); j++ {
-				results[j].Name = batch.ops[j].name
-				results[j].Status = refstore.BatchStatusNotAttempted
-				results[j].Error = batchResultError(err)
-			}
-
-			return results, err
-		}
-
-		targetKey := updateTargetKey(target.loc)
-		if _, exists := seenTargets[targetKey]; exists {
-			results[i].Status = refstore.BatchStatusRejected
-			results[i].Error = &refstore.DuplicateUpdateError{}
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		seenTargets[targetKey] = struct{}{}
-
-		remainingIdx = append(remainingIdx, i)
-		remainingOps = append(remainingOps, op)
-	}
-
-	for len(remainingOps) > 0 {
-		prepared, err := executor.prepareUpdates(remainingOps)
-		if err == nil {
-			err = executor.commitPreparedUpdates(prepared)
-			if err == nil {
-				for _, idx := range remainingIdx {
-					results[idx].Status = refstore.BatchStatusApplied
-				}
-
-				return results, nil
-			}
-
-			fatalName := batchResultName(err)
-
-			fatalMarked := false
-			for i, idx := range remainingIdx {
-				if !fatalMarked && remainingOps[i].name == fatalName && fatalName != "" {
-					results[idx].Status = refstore.BatchStatusFatal
-					results[idx].Error = batchResultError(err)
-					fatalMarked = true
-
-					continue
-				}
-
-				results[idx].Status = refstore.BatchStatusNotAttempted
-				results[idx].Error = batchResultError(err)
-			}
-
-			return results, err
-		}
-
-		if !isBatchRejected(err) {
-			fatalName := batchResultName(err)
-
-			fatalMarked := false
-			for i, idx := range remainingIdx {
-				if !fatalMarked && remainingOps[i].name == fatalName && fatalName != "" {
-					results[idx].Status = refstore.BatchStatusFatal
-					results[idx].Error = batchResultError(err)
-					fatalMarked = true
-
-					continue
-				}
-
-				results[idx].Status = refstore.BatchStatusNotAttempted
-				results[idx].Error = batchResultError(err)
-			}
-
-			return results, err
-		}
-
-		name := batchResultName(err)
-		rejectedAt := -1
-
-		for i, op := range remainingOps {
-			if op.name == name {
-				rejectedAt = i
-
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if rejectedAt < 0 {
-			for _, idx := range remainingIdx {
-				results[idx].Status = refstore.BatchStatusNotAttempted
-				results[idx].Error = batchResultError(err)
-			}
-
-			return results, err
-		}
-
-		results[remainingIdx[rejectedAt]].Status = refstore.BatchStatusRejected
-		results[remainingIdx[rejectedAt]].Error = batchResultError(err)
-		remainingIdx = append(remainingIdx[:rejectedAt], remainingIdx[rejectedAt+1:]...)
-		remainingOps = append(remainingOps[:rejectedAt], remainingOps[rejectedAt+1:]...)
-	}
-
-	return results, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_begin.go b/refstore/files/batch_begin.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 06459b2c..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_begin.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-// BeginBatch creates one new files batch.
-//
-//nolint:ireturn
-func (store *Store) BeginBatch() (refstore.Batch, error) {
-	return &Batch{
-		store: store,
-		ops:   make([]queuedUpdate, 0, 8),
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_queue.go b/refstore/files/batch_queue.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5937c6fb..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_queue.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (batch *Batch) queue(op queuedUpdate) {
-	batch.ops = append(batch.ops, op)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_queue_ops.go b/refstore/files/batch_queue_ops.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7434b0c3..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_queue_ops.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-
-func (batch *Batch) Create(name string, newID objectid.ObjectID) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateCreate, newID: newID})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) Update(name string, newID, oldID objectid.ObjectID) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateReplace, newID: newID, oldID: oldID})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) Delete(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateDelete, oldID: oldID})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) Verify(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateVerify, oldID: oldID})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) CreateSymbolic(name, newTarget string) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateCreateSymbolic, newTarget: newTarget})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) UpdateSymbolic(name, newTarget, oldTarget string) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateReplaceSymbolic, newTarget: newTarget, oldTarget: oldTarget})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) DeleteSymbolic(name, oldTarget string) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateDeleteSymbolic, oldTarget: oldTarget})
-}
-
-func (batch *Batch) VerifySymbolic(name, oldTarget string) {
-	batch.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateVerifySymbolic, oldTarget: oldTarget})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_rejection.go b/refstore/files/batch_rejection.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f3569d6..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_rejection.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func isBatchRejected(err error) bool {
-	return errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.InvalidNameError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.InvalidValueError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.DuplicateUpdateError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.CreateExistsError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.IncorrectOldValueError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.ExpectedDetachedError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.ExpectedSymbolicError)) ||
-		errors.As(err, new(*refstore.NameConflictError))
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_result_error.go b/refstore/files/batch_result_error.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 06d68273..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_result_error.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "errors"
-
-func batchResultError(err error) error {
-	updateErr, ok := errors.AsType[*updateContextError](err)
-	if ok {
-		return updateErr.err
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func batchResultName(err error) string {
-	updateErr, ok := errors.AsType[*updateContextError](err)
-	if !ok {
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	return updateErr.name
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/batch_test.go b/refstore/files/batch_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d44ef22f..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/batch_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestBatchApplyRejectsStaleDeleteAndAppliesIndependentDelete(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	//nolint:thelper
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "base")
-		_, _, staleID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "stale")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", commitID)
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/topic", commitID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		batch, err := store.BeginBatch()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginBatch: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		batch.Delete("refs/heads/main", staleID)
-		batch.Delete("refs/heads/topic", commitID)
-
-		results, err := batch.Apply()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Apply: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if len(results) != 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("len(results) = %d, want 2", len(results))
-		}
-
-		if results[0].Status != refstore.BatchStatusRejected {
-			t.Fatalf("results[0].Status = %v, want rejected", results[0].Status)
-		}
-
-		if !errors.Is(results[0].Error, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) &&
-			errors.As(results[0].Error, new(*refstore.IncorrectOldValueError)) == false {
-			t.Fatalf("results[0].Error = %v, want stale-value rejection", results[0].Error)
-		}
-
-		if results[1].Status != refstore.BatchStatusApplied {
-			t.Fatalf("results[1].Status = %v, want applied", results[1].Status)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(main): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/topic")
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("refs/heads/topic still exists")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestBatchApplyRejectsDuplicateQueuedRef(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	//nolint:thelper
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "base")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", commitID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		batch, err := store.BeginBatch()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginBatch: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		batch.Delete("refs/heads/main", commitID)
-		batch.Verify("refs/heads/main", commitID)
-
-		results, err := batch.Apply()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Apply: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if len(results) != 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("len(results) = %d, want 2", len(results))
-		}
-
-		if results[0].Status != refstore.BatchStatusApplied {
-			t.Fatalf("results[0].Status = %v, want applied", results[0].Status)
-		}
-
-		if results[1].Status != refstore.BatchStatusRejected {
-			t.Fatalf("results[1].Status = %v, want rejected", results[1].Status)
-		}
-
-		if !errors.As(results[1].Error, new(*refstore.DuplicateUpdateError)) {
-			t.Fatalf("results[1].Error = %v, want duplicate update error", results[1].Error)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/main")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(main): %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/broken_ref_error.go b/refstore/files/broken_ref_error.go
deleted file mode 100644
index daa40849..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/broken_ref_error.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "fmt"
-
-type brokenRefError struct {
-	name string
-	err  error
-}
-
-func (err brokenRefError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("refstore/files: broken reference %q: %v", err.name, err.err)
-}
-
-func (err brokenRefError) Unwrap() error {
-	return err.err
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/close.go b/refstore/files/close.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 58f400a5..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/close.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-// Close releases resources associated with the store.
-//
-// Store borrows gitRoot, so Close does not close it.
-// Transactions and batches borrowing the store are invalid after Close.
-//
-// Repeated calls to Close are undefined behavior.
-func (store *Store) Close() error {
-	return store.commonRoot.Close()
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/helpers_test.go b/refstore/files/helpers_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 12f02694..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/helpers_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore/files"
-)
-
-const testPackedRefsTimeout = time.Second
-
-func openFilesStore(t *testing.T, testRepo *testgit.TestRepo, algo objectid.Algorithm) *files.Store {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	root := testRepo.OpenGitRoot(t)
-
-	store, err := files.New(root, algo, testPackedRefsTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("files.New: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return store
-}
-
-func openFilesStoreAt(t *testing.T, root *os.Root, algo objectid.Algorithm) *files.Store {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	store, err := files.New(root, algo, testPackedRefsTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("files.New: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return store
-}
-
-func openGitRootUnder(t *testing.T, repoRoot *os.Root, worktreeName string) *os.Root {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	worktreeRoot, err := repoRoot.OpenRoot(worktreeName)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("OpenRoot(%q): %v", worktreeName, err)
-	}
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = worktreeRoot.Close()
-	})
-
-	info, err := worktreeRoot.Stat(".git")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("stat %q: %v", worktreeName+"/.git", err)
-	}
-
-	if info.IsDir() {
-		gitRoot, err := worktreeRoot.OpenRoot(".git")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("OpenRoot(.git): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
-			_ = gitRoot.Close()
-		})
-
-		return gitRoot
-	}
-
-	content, err := worktreeRoot.ReadFile(".git")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("read %q: %v", worktreeName+"/.git", err)
-	}
-
-	gitDir := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(string(content), "gitdir:"))
-	if gitDir == "" {
-		t.Fatalf("%q does not contain a gitdir path", worktreeName+"/.git")
-	}
-
-	if strings.HasPrefix(gitDir, "/") {
-		gitRoot, err := os.OpenRoot(gitDir)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("os.OpenRoot(%q): %v", gitDir, err)
-		}
-
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
-			_ = gitRoot.Close()
-		})
-
-		return gitRoot
-	}
-
-	gitRoot, err := worktreeRoot.OpenRoot(gitDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("os.OpenRoot(%q): %v", gitDir, err)
-	}
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = gitRoot.Close()
-	})
-
-	return gitRoot
-}
-
-func assertListMatchesGitForEachRef(t *testing.T, gitOut string, store *files.Store) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	listed, err := store.List("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("List(\"\"): %v", err)
-	}
-
-	gotNames := make([]string, 0, len(listed))
-	for _, got := range listed {
-		if got.Name() == "HEAD" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		gotNames = append(gotNames, got.Name())
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(gotNames)
-
-	wantLines := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(gitOut), "\n")
-	wantNames := make([]string, 0, len(wantLines))
-
-	for _, line := range wantLines {
-		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
-		if line == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		wantNames = append(wantNames, line)
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(wantNames)
-
-	if !slices.Equal(gotNames, wantNames) {
-		t.Fatalf("List names = %v, want %v", gotNames, wantNames)
-	}
-}
-
-func forEachRefLines(output string) []string {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(output) == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(output), "\n")
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/new.go b/refstore/files/new.go
deleted file mode 100644
index bca3a491..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/new.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"os"
-	"time"
-
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-)
-
-// New creates one files ref store rooted at one repository gitdir.
-func New(root *os.Root, algo objectid.Algorithm, packedRefsTimeout time.Duration) (*Store, error) {
-	if algo.Size() == 0 {
-		return nil, objectid.ErrInvalidAlgorithm
-	}
-
-	commonRoot, err := openCommonRoot(root)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &Store{
-		gitRoot:           root,
-		commonRoot:        commonRoot,
-		algo:              algo,
-		lockRand:          rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())), //nolint:gosec
-		packedRefsTimeout: packedRefsTimeout,
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/packed_delete_test.go b/refstore/files/packed_delete_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 75992a9d..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/packed_delete_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"slices"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestFilesTransactionPackedDeleteFailureLeavesRefsUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		t.Run("packed-refs.lock held", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true, RefFormat: "files"})
-			_, _, packedID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed")
-			_, _, looseID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "loose")
-			prefix := "refs/locked-packed-refs"
-
-			testRepo.UpdateRef(t, prefix+"/foo", packedID)
-			testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-			testRepo.UpdateRef(t, prefix+"/foo", looseID)
-			unchanged := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(objectname) %(refname)", prefix))
-			testRepo.WriteFile(t, "packed-refs.lock", []byte{}, 0o644)
-
-			store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-			tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(lock held): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Delete(prefix+"/foo", looseID)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Delete(lock held) queue: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Commit()
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("Commit(lock held) unexpectedly succeeded")
-			}
-
-			actual := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(objectname) %(refname)", prefix))
-			if !slices.Equal(actual, unchanged) {
-				t.Fatalf("ShowRef after failed delete = %v, want %v", actual, unchanged)
-			}
-
-			got, err := store.ResolveToDetached(prefix + "/foo")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(lock held): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if got.ID != looseID {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(lock held) = %s, want %s", got.ID, looseID)
-			}
-
-			gitRoot := testRepo.OpenGitRoot(t)
-
-			_, statErr := gitRoot.Stat(prefix + "/foo.lock")
-			if !errors.Is(statErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected leftover loose lock: %v", statErr)
-			}
-		})
-
-		t.Run("packed-refs.new exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true, RefFormat: "files"})
-			_, _, packedID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed")
-			_, _, looseID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "loose")
-			prefix := "refs/failed-packed-refs"
-
-			testRepo.UpdateRef(t, prefix+"/foo", packedID)
-			testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-			testRepo.UpdateRef(t, prefix+"/foo", looseID)
-			unchanged := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(objectname) %(refname)", prefix))
-			testRepo.WriteFile(t, "packed-refs.new", []byte{}, 0o644)
-
-			store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-			tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(new exists): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Delete(prefix+"/foo", looseID)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Delete(new exists) queue: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Commit()
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("Commit(new exists) unexpectedly succeeded")
-			}
-
-			actual := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(objectname) %(refname)", prefix))
-			if !slices.Equal(actual, unchanged) {
-				t.Fatalf("ShowRef after failed delete = %v, want %v", actual, unchanged)
-			}
-
-			got, err := store.ResolveToDetached(prefix + "/foo")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(new exists): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if got.ID != looseID {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(new exists) = %s, want %s", got.ID, looseID)
-			}
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesPackedRefDeleteDoesNotCreateDirectories(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true, RefFormat: "files"})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed-only")
-		name := "refs/heads/d1/d2/r1"
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, name, commitID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-
-		gitRoot := testRepo.OpenGitRoot(t)
-
-		_, err := gitRoot.Stat("refs/heads/d1/d2")
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			t.Fatalf("refs/heads/d1/d2 unexpectedly exists before delete: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete(name, commitID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Delete queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = gitRoot.Stat("refs/heads/d1/d2")
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			t.Fatalf("refs/heads/d1/d2 unexpectedly exists after delete: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = gitRoot.Stat("refs/heads/d1")
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			t.Fatalf("refs/heads/d1 unexpectedly exists after delete: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesPackedRefIgnoresEmptyDirectories(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true, RefFormat: "files"})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed-visible")
-		prefix := "refs/e-for-each-ref"
-		name := prefix + "/foo"
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, name, commitID)
-		expected := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(objectname) %(refname)", prefix))
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, prefix+"/foo/bar/baz/.keep", []byte{}, 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.Remove(t, prefix+"/foo/bar/baz/.keep")
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached(name)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != commitID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached = %s, want %s", got.ID, commitID)
-		}
-
-		actual := make([]string, 0)
-
-		listed, err := store.List(prefix + "/*")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("List: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		for _, entry := range listed {
-			actual = append(actual, entry.Name())
-		}
-
-		fullActual := make([]string, 0, len(actual))
-		for _, name := range actual {
-			refValue, resolveErr := store.ResolveToDetached(name)
-			if resolveErr != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(%q): %v", name, resolveErr)
-			}
-
-			fullActual = append(fullActual, refValue.ID.String()+" "+name)
-		}
-
-		slices.Sort(fullActual)
-
-		if !slices.Equal(fullActual, expected) {
-			t.Fatalf("for-each-ref view = %v, want %v", fullActual, expected)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesDeleteWaitsForPackedRefsLockWithoutIntermediateState(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true, RefFormat: "files"})
-		_, _, packedID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed")
-		_, _, looseID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "loose")
-		prefix := "refs/slow-transaction"
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, prefix+"/foo", packedID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, prefix+"/foo", looseID)
-		testRepo.WriteFile(t, "packed-refs.lock", []byte{}, 0o644)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete(prefix+"/foo", looseID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Delete queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		done := make(chan error, 1)
-
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-		wg.Go(func() {
-			done <- tx.Commit()
-		})
-
-		time.Sleep(75 * time.Millisecond)
-
-		select {
-		case err := <-done:
-			t.Fatalf("Commit finished too early: %v", err)
-		default:
-		}
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached(prefix + "/foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached while lock held: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != looseID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached while lock held = %s, want %s", got.ID, looseID)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.Remove(t, "packed-refs.lock")
-
-		select {
-		case err := <-done:
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Commit after lock release: %v", err)
-			}
-		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-			t.Fatal("Commit did not finish after lock release")
-		}
-
-		wg.Wait()
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve(prefix + "/foo")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve after delete error = %v, want ErrReferenceNotFound", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/packed_parse.go b/refstore/files/packed_parse.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3662f6ed..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/packed_parse.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-)
-
-func parsePackedRefs(r io.Reader, algo objectid.Algorithm) (map[string]ref.Detached, []ref.Detached, error) {
-	byName := make(map[string]ref.Detached)
-	ordered := make([]ref.Detached, 0, 32)
-
-	br := bufio.NewReader(r)
-	prev := -1
-	lineNum := 0
-	hexsz := algo.Size() * 2
-
-	for {
-		line, err := br.ReadString('\n')
-		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
-			return nil, nil, err
-		}
-
-		if line == "" && err == io.EOF {
-			break
-		}
-
-		lineNum++
-		hadNewline := strings.HasSuffix(line, "\n")
-		line = strings.TrimSuffix(line, "\n")
-
-		if err == io.EOF && !hadNewline {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: unterminated line", lineNum)
-		}
-
-		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				break
-			}
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "^") {
-			if prev < 0 {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: peeled line without preceding ref", lineNum)
-			}
-
-			if len(line) != hexsz+1 {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: malformed peeled line", lineNum)
-			}
-
-			peeled, parseErr := objectid.ParseHex(algo, line[1:])
-			if parseErr != nil {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: invalid peeled oid: %w", lineNum, parseErr)
-			}
-
-			peeledCopy := peeled
-			cur := ordered[prev]
-			cur.Peeled = &peeledCopy
-			ordered[prev] = cur
-			byName[cur.Name()] = cur
-
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				break
-			}
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if len(line) < hexsz+2 {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: malformed entry", lineNum)
-		}
-
-		if line[hexsz] != ' ' {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: malformed entry", lineNum)
-		}
-
-		idText := line[:hexsz]
-
-		name := line[hexsz+1:]
-		if name == "" {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: empty ref name", lineNum)
-		}
-
-		id, parseErr := objectid.ParseHex(algo, idText)
-		if parseErr != nil {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: invalid oid: %w", lineNum, parseErr)
-		}
-
-		if _, exists := byName[name]; exists {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: line %d: duplicate ref %q", lineNum, name)
-		}
-
-		detached := ref.Detached{
-			RefName: name,
-			ID:      id,
-		}
-		ordered = append(ordered, detached)
-		prev = len(ordered) - 1
-		byName[name] = detached
-
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	return byName, ordered, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/packed_read.go b/refstore/files/packed_read.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 20800709..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/packed_read.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-)
-
-func (store *Store) readPackedRefs() (*packedRefs, error) {
-	file, err := store.commonRoot.Open("packed-refs")
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return &packedRefs{
-				byName:  make(map[string]ref.Detached),
-				ordered: nil,
-			}, nil
-		}
-
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: open packed-refs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
-
-	byName, ordered, err := parsePackedRefs(file, store.algo)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &packedRefs{
-		byName:  byName,
-		ordered: ordered,
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/packed_refs.go b/refstore/files/packed_refs.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f3e91d83..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/packed_refs.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-)
-
-type packedRefs struct {
-	byName  map[string]ref.Detached
-	ordered []ref.Detached
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/read_list.go b/refstore/files/read_list.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 358ec007..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/read_list.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"path"
-	"slices"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-// List lists references from the visible files ref namespace.
-func (store *Store) List(pattern string) ([]ref.Ref, error) {
-	matchAll := pattern == ""
-	if !matchAll {
-		_, err := path.Match(pattern, "HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	looseNames, err := store.collectLooseRefNames()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	packed, err := store.readPackedRefs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	byName := make(map[string]ref.Ref, len(looseNames)+len(packed.byName))
-	for _, detached := range packed.ordered {
-		byName[detached.Name()] = detached
-	}
-
-	for _, name := range looseNames {
-		resolved, resolveErr := store.readLooseRef(name)
-		if resolveErr != nil {
-			if errors.Is(resolveErr, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-				delete(byName, name)
-
-				continue
-			}
-
-			return nil, resolveErr
-		}
-
-		byName[name] = resolved
-	}
-
-	names := make([]string, 0, len(byName))
-	for name := range byName {
-		if !matchAll {
-			matched, matchErr := path.Match(pattern, name)
-			if matchErr != nil {
-				return nil, matchErr
-			}
-
-			if !matched {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-
-		names = append(names, name)
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(names)
-
-	refs := make([]ref.Ref, 0, len(names))
-	for _, name := range names {
-		refs = append(refs, byName[name])
-	}
-
-	return refs, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/read_list_collect.go b/refstore/files/read_list_collect.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f4e2cb69..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/read_list_collect.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func (store *Store) collectLooseRefNames() ([]string, error) {
-	names := make([]string, 0, 16)
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, 16)
-
-	_, err := store.gitRoot.Stat("HEAD")
-	if err == nil {
-		names = append(names, "HEAD")
-		seen["HEAD"] = struct{}{}
-	} else if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var walk func(*os.Root, string) error
-
-	walk = func(root *os.Root, dir string) error {
-		file, openErr := root.Open(dir)
-		if openErr != nil {
-			if errors.Is(openErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			return openErr
-		}
-
-		defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
-
-		entries, readErr := file.ReadDir(-1)
-		if readErr != nil {
-			return readErr
-		}
-
-		for _, entry := range entries {
-			name := path.Join(dir, entry.Name())
-			if entry.IsDir() {
-				err := walk(root, name)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".lock") {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if _, ok := seen[name]; ok {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			seen[name] = struct{}{}
-			names = append(names, name)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err = walk(store.commonRoot, "refs")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	err = walk(store.gitRoot, "refs")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return names, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/read_loose.go b/refstore/files/read_loose.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c743fb4..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/read_loose.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func (store *Store) readLooseRef(name string) (ref.Ref, error) { //nolint:ireturn
-	refPath := store.loosePath(name)
-
-	data, err := store.rootFor(refPath.root).ReadFile(refPath.path)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return nil, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound
-		}
-
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	line := strings.TrimRightFunc(string(data), isRefWhitespace)
-	if strings.HasPrefix(line, "ref:") {
-		target := strings.TrimLeftFunc(line[len("ref:"):], isRefWhitespace)
-		if target == "" {
-			return nil, brokenRefError{name: name, err: fmt.Errorf("empty symbolic target")}
-		}
-
-		return ref.Symbolic{
-			RefName: name,
-			Target:  target,
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	id, err := objectid.ParseHex(store.algo, line)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, brokenRefError{name: name, err: err}
-	}
-
-	return ref.Detached{
-		RefName: name,
-		ID:      id,
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/read_resolve.go b/refstore/files/read_resolve.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 33d5b3e8..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/read_resolve.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-// Resolve resolves one reference name from the files store visible namespace.
-func (store *Store) Resolve(name string) (ref.Ref, error) { //nolint:ireturn
-	if name == "" {
-		return nil, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound
-	}
-
-	resolved, err := store.readLooseRef(name)
-	if err == nil {
-		return resolved, nil
-	}
-
-	if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-		refPath := store.loosePath(name)
-
-		info, statErr := store.rootFor(refPath.root).Stat(refPath.path)
-		if statErr != nil || !info.IsDir() {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	packed, packedErr := store.readPackedRefs()
-	if packedErr != nil {
-		return nil, packedErr
-	}
-
-	detached, ok := packed.byName[name]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound
-	}
-
-	return detached, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/read_resolve_fully.go b/refstore/files/read_resolve_fully.go
deleted file mode 100644
index de58eb6d..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/read_resolve_fully.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-)
-
-// ResolveToDetached resolves symbolic references through the visible files store
-// namespace until one detached reference is reached.
-func (store *Store) ResolveToDetached(name string) (ref.Detached, error) {
-	cur := name
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	for {
-		if _, ok := seen[cur]; ok {
-			return ref.Detached{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: symbolic reference cycle at %q", cur)
-		}
-
-		seen[cur] = struct{}{}
-
-		resolved, err := store.Resolve(cur)
-		if err != nil {
-			return ref.Detached{}, err
-		}
-
-		switch resolved := resolved.(type) {
-		case ref.Detached:
-			return resolved, nil
-		case ref.Symbolic:
-			target := strings.TrimSpace(resolved.Target)
-			if target == "" {
-				return ref.Detached{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: symbolic reference %q has empty target", resolved.Name())
-			}
-
-			cur = target
-		default:
-			return ref.Detached{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: unsupported reference type %T", resolved)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/resolve_list_test.go b/refstore/files/resolve_list_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index e25a53f4..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/resolve_list_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,269 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-)
-
-func TestFilesResolveAndListOverlay(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, packedID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed base")
-		_, _, looseID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "loose override")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", packedID)
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/tags/v1", packedID)
-		testRepo.SymbolicRef(t, "HEAD", "refs/heads/main")
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", looseID)
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/dev", looseID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		resolvedMain, err := store.Resolve("refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(main): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		mainDet, ok := resolvedMain.(ref.Detached)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(main) type = %T, want ref.Detached", resolvedMain)
-		}
-
-		if mainDet.ID != looseID {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(main) id = %s, want %s", mainDet.ID, looseID)
-		}
-
-		resolvedHead, err := store.Resolve("HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		headSym, ok := resolvedHead.(ref.Symbolic)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(HEAD) type = %T, want ref.Symbolic", resolvedHead)
-		}
-
-		if headSym.Target != "refs/heads/main" {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(HEAD) target = %q, want %q", headSym.Target, "refs/heads/main")
-		}
-
-		fullHead, err := store.ResolveToDetached("HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if fullHead.ID != looseID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(HEAD) = %s, want %s", fullHead.ID, looseID)
-		}
-
-		allRefs, err := store.List("")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("List(\"\"): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		names := make([]string, 0, len(allRefs))
-		for _, entry := range allRefs {
-			names = append(names, entry.Name())
-		}
-
-		slices.Sort(names)
-
-		want := []string{"HEAD", "refs/heads/dev", "refs/heads/main", "refs/tags/v1"}
-		if !slices.Equal(names, want) {
-			t.Fatalf("List(\"\") names = %v, want %v", names, want)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesLooseRefParsingMatchesGit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-		oid := testRepo.HashObject(t, "blob", []byte("payload\n"))
-
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/refs/heads/no-lf", []byte(oid.String()), 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/refs/heads/trailing-ws", []byte(oid.String()+"   "), 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/refs/heads/leading-ws", []byte(" "+oid.String()+"\n"), 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/refs/heads/sym-trailing", []byte("ref: refs/heads/main   "), 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/refs/heads/sym-leading", []byte(" ref: refs/heads/main\n"), 0o755, 0o644)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached("refs/heads/no-lf")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(no-lf): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != oid {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(no-lf) = %s, want %s", got.ID, oid)
-		}
-
-		got, err = store.ResolveToDetached("refs/heads/trailing-ws")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(trailing-ws): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != oid {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(trailing-ws) = %s, want %s", got.ID, oid)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/leading-ws")
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Resolve(leading-ws) unexpectedly succeeded")
-		}
-
-		resolved, err := store.Resolve("refs/heads/sym-trailing")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(sym-trailing): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		sym, ok := resolved.(ref.Symbolic)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(sym-trailing) type = %T, want ref.Symbolic", resolved)
-		}
-
-		if sym.Target != "refs/heads/main" {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(sym-trailing) target = %q, want %q", sym.Target, "refs/heads/main")
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/sym-leading")
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Resolve(sym-leading) unexpectedly succeeded")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesRejectMalformedPackedRefs(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true, RefFormat: "files"})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", commitID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-
-		hex := commitID.String()
-
-		cases := []struct {
-			name    string
-			content string
-		}{
-			{
-				name:    "unterminated line",
-				content: "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled sorted\n" + hex + " refs/heads/main",
-			},
-			{
-				name:    "junk line",
-				content: "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled sorted\nbogus content\n",
-			},
-			{
-				name:    "short oid",
-				content: "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled sorted\n" + hex[:7] + " refs/heads/main\n",
-			},
-			{
-				name:    "trailing garbage after oid",
-				content: "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled sorted\n" + hex + "xrefs/heads/main\n",
-			},
-			{
-				name:    "malformed peeled line",
-				content: "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled sorted\n" + hex + " refs/tags/v1\n^" + hex + " garbage\n",
-			},
-		}
-
-		for _, tc := range cases {
-			t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				testRepo.WriteFile(t, "packed-refs", []byte(tc.content), 0o644)
-				store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-				_, err := store.List("")
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Fatal("List unexpectedly succeeded")
-				}
-			})
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesPackedRefsReadSemanticsMatchGit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		t.Run("stale packed entry is still readable", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-			testRepo.Run(t, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "one")
-
-			oneID, err := objectid.ParseHex(algo, testRepo.Run(t, "rev-parse", "HEAD"))
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ParseHex(one): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			testRepo.Run(t, "tag", "-a", "v1.0", "-m", "v1.0", "HEAD")
-			testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-			testRepo.Run(t, "checkout", "--orphan", "another")
-			testRepo.Run(t, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "two")
-			testRepo.Run(t, "checkout", "-B", "main")
-			testRepo.Run(t, "branch", "-D", "another")
-			testRepo.Run(t, "reflog", "expire", "--expire=now", "--all")
-			testRepo.Run(t, "prune")
-
-			store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-			got, err := store.ResolveToDetached("refs/heads/main")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if got.ID == oneID {
-				t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main) unexpectedly returned stale packed id %s", oneID)
-			}
-
-			tagRef, err := store.Resolve("refs/tags/v1.0")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Resolve(tag): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			tagDet, ok := tagRef.(ref.Detached)
-			if !ok {
-				t.Fatalf("Resolve(tag) type = %T, want ref.Detached", tagRef)
-			}
-
-			if tagDet.ID.Size() == 0 {
-				t.Fatal("Resolve(tag) returned zero object id")
-			}
-		})
-
-		t.Run("exact unicode packed ref remains enumerable", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-			_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "unicode")
-			testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/\ue43f", commitID)
-			testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/z", commitID)
-			testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-
-			store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-			listed, err := store.List("refs/heads/z")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("List(refs/heads/z): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if len(listed) != 1 {
-				t.Fatalf("List(refs/heads/z) len = %d, want 1", len(listed))
-			}
-
-			if listed[0].Name() != "refs/heads/z" {
-				t.Fatalf("List(refs/heads/z)[0] = %q, want %q", listed[0].Name(), "refs/heads/z")
-			}
-		})
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/root_for.go b/refstore/files/root_for.go
deleted file mode 100644
index cb968ad9..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/root_for.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"os"
-)
-
-func (store *Store) rootFor(kind rootKind) *os.Root {
-	if kind == rootCommon {
-		return store.commonRoot
-	}
-
-	return store.gitRoot
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/root_kind.go b/refstore/files/root_kind.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d0ae8cf1..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/root_kind.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-type rootKind uint8
-
-const (
-	rootGit rootKind = iota
-	rootCommon
-)
diff --git a/refstore/files/root_loose_path.go b/refstore/files/root_loose_path.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a78d9bf3..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/root_loose_path.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"path"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref/refname"
-)
-
-func (store *Store) loosePath(name string) refPath {
-	parsed := refname.ParseWorktree(name)
-	switch parsed.Type {
-	case refname.WorktreeCurrent:
-		return refPath{root: rootGit, path: parsed.BareRefName}
-	case refname.WorktreeMain, refname.WorktreeShared:
-		return refPath{root: rootCommon, path: parsed.BareRefName}
-	case refname.WorktreeOther:
-		return refPath{
-			root: rootCommon,
-			path: path.Join("worktrees", parsed.WorktreeName, parsed.BareRefName),
-		}
-	default:
-		return refPath{root: rootCommon, path: name}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/root_open_common.go b/refstore/files/root_open_common.go
deleted file mode 100644
index cac98cbc..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/root_open_common.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func openCommonRoot(gitRoot *os.Root) (*os.Root, error) {
-	content, err := gitRoot.ReadFile("commondir")
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return gitRoot.OpenRoot(".")
-		}
-
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	commonDir := strings.TrimSpace(string(content))
-	if commonDir == "" {
-		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
-	}
-
-	if filepath.IsAbs(commonDir) {
-		return os.OpenRoot(commonDir)
-	}
-
-	// This is okay because that's how Git defines it anyway.
-	return os.OpenRoot(filepath.Join(gitRoot.Name(), commonDir))
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/store.go b/refstore/files/store.go
deleted file mode 100644
index ed9b8744..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/store.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-// Package files provides one Git files ref store with loose-over-packed reads
-// and transaction-coordinated updates.
-package files
-
-import (
-	"math/rand"
-	"os"
-	"time"
-
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-// Store reads and writes one Git files ref namespace rooted at one repository
-// gitdir plus its commondir.
-//
-// Store borrows gitRoot and owns commonRoot. Close releases only resources
-// opened by the store itself.
-type Store struct {
-	gitRoot    *os.Root
-	commonRoot *os.Root
-	algo       objectid.Algorithm
-	lockRand   *rand.Rand
-
-	packedRefsTimeout time.Duration
-}
-
-var (
-	_ refstore.ReadingStore       = (*Store)(nil)
-	_ refstore.TransactionalStore = (*Store)(nil)
-	_ refstore.BatchStore         = (*Store)(nil)
-)
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction.go b/refstore/files/transaction.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1babfe60..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-type Transaction struct {
-	store *Store
-	ops   []queuedUpdate
-}
-
-var _ refstore.Transaction = (*Transaction)(nil)
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_abort.go b/refstore/files/transaction_abort.go
deleted file mode 100644
index cb82e4bf..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_abort.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (tx *Transaction) Abort() error { return nil }
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_begin.go b/refstore/files/transaction_begin.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 95834a33..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_begin.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-// BeginTransaction creates one new files transaction.
-//
-//nolint:ireturn
-func (store *Store) BeginTransaction() (refstore.Transaction, error) {
-	return &Transaction{
-		store: store,
-		ops:   make([]queuedUpdate, 0, 8),
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_commit.go b/refstore/files/transaction_commit.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 76bcb195..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_commit.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (tx *Transaction) Commit() error {
-	executor := &refUpdateExecutor{store: tx.store}
-
-	prepared, err := executor.prepareUpdates(tx.ops)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return executor.commitPreparedUpdates(prepared)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_dirs_test.go b/refstore/files/transaction_dirs_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c010ae69..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_dirs_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-)
-
-func TestFilesTransactionEmptyDirectoriesDoNotBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, oldID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "old")
-		_, _, newID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "new")
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/e-verify/foo", oldID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, "refs/e-verify/foo/bar/baz/.keep", []byte{}, 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.Remove(t, "refs/e-verify/foo/bar/baz/.keep")
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(verify): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Verify("refs/e-verify/foo", oldID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Verify with empty directories: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(verify with empty directories): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/e-update/foo", oldID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, "refs/e-update/foo/bar/baz/.keep", []byte{}, 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.Remove(t, "refs/e-update/foo/bar/baz/.keep")
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(update): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Update("refs/e-update/foo", newID, oldID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Update with empty directories: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(update with empty directories): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached("refs/e-update/foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(updated foo): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != newID {
-			t.Fatalf("updated foo = %s, want %s", got.ID, newID)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, "refs/e-create/foo/bar/baz/.keep", []byte{}, 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.Remove(t, "refs/e-create/foo/bar/baz/.keep")
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(create): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Create("refs/e-create/foo", oldID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Create with empty directories: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(create with empty directories): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err = store.ResolveToDetached("refs/e-create/foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(created foo): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != oldID {
-			t.Fatalf("created foo = %s, want %s", got.ID, oldID)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/e-delete/foo", oldID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, "refs/e-delete/foo/bar/baz/.keep", []byte{}, 0o755, 0o644)
-		testRepo.Remove(t, "refs/e-delete/foo/bar/baz/.keep")
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(delete): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete("refs/e-delete/foo", oldID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Delete with empty directories: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(delete with empty directories): %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionNonEmptyDirectoryAndBrokenRefBlockCreate(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "base")
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, "refs/ne-create/foo/bar/baz.lock", []byte(""), 0o755, 0o644)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(non-empty dir): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Create("refs/ne-create/foo", commitID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Create(non-empty dir) queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Commit(non-empty dir) unexpectedly succeeded")
-		}
-
-		testRepo.WriteFileAll(t, "refs/broken/foo", []byte("gobbledigook\n"), 0o755, 0o644)
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(broken ref): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Create("refs/broken/foo", commitID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Create(broken ref) queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Commit(broken ref) unexpectedly succeeded")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionIndirectCreateMatchesGit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		t.Run("non-empty directory blocks", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			repo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-			_, _, innerID := repo.MakeCommit(t, "inner")
-			prefix := "refs/ne-indirect-create"
-
-			repo.SymbolicRef(t, prefix+"/symref", prefix+"/foo")
-			repo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/"+prefix+"/foo/bar/baz.lock", []byte{}, 0o755, 0o644)
-			store := openFilesStore(t, repo, algo)
-
-			tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(non-empty): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Create(prefix+"/symref", innerID)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Create(non-empty) queue: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Commit()
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("Commit(non-empty) unexpectedly succeeded")
-			}
-		})
-
-		t.Run("broken referent blocks", func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			repo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-			_, _, commitID := repo.MakeCommit(t, "broken")
-			prefix := "refs/broken-indirect-create"
-
-			repo.SymbolicRef(t, prefix+"/symref", prefix+"/foo")
-			repo.WriteFileAll(t, ".git/"+prefix+"/foo", []byte("gobbledigook\n"), 0o755, 0o644)
-			store := openFilesStore(t, repo, algo)
-
-			tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(broken): %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Create(prefix+"/symref", commitID)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Create(broken) queue: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			err = tx.Commit()
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("Commit(broken) unexpectedly succeeded")
-			}
-		})
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_names_test.go b/refstore/files/transaction_names_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 03c288b1..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_names_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestFilesTransactionValidateUpdateNames(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, commitID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "base")
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tests := []struct {
-			name    string
-			queue   func(refstore.Transaction) error
-			wantErr bool
-		}{
-			{
-				name: "create refs/heads/main",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Create("refs/heads/main", commitID)
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				name: "create foo/bar",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Create("foo/bar", commitID)
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				name: "create FETCH_HEAD",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Create("FETCH_HEAD", commitID)
-				},
-				wantErr: true,
-			},
-			{
-				name: "create MERGE_HEAD",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Create("MERGE_HEAD", commitID)
-				},
-				wantErr: true,
-			},
-			{
-				name: "create bad refname",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Create("refs/heads/.bad", commitID)
-				},
-				wantErr: true,
-			},
-			{
-				name: "verify unsafe delete-style name",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Verify("foo/bar", commitID)
-				},
-				wantErr: true,
-			},
-			{
-				name: "verify pseudoref-style name",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.Verify("PSEUDOREF", commitID)
-				},
-				wantErr: false,
-			},
-		}
-
-		for _, tt := range tests {
-			t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction: %v", err)
-				}
-
-				err = tt.queue(tx)
-				if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
-					t.Fatalf("queue err=%v, wantErr=%v", err, tt.wantErr)
-				}
-
-				_ = tx.Abort()
-			})
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionSymbolicTargetRules(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, mainID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "main")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", mainID)
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "ORIG_HEAD", mainID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tests := []struct {
-			name    string
-			queue   func(refstore.Transaction) error
-			wantErr bool
-		}{
-			{
-				name: "head requires branch target",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.CreateSymbolic("HEAD", "foo")
-				},
-				wantErr: true,
-			},
-			{
-				name: "head accepts refs/heads target",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.CreateSymbolic("HEAD", "refs/heads/main")
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				name: "non-head allows top-level target",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.CreateSymbolic("refs/heads/top-level", "ORIG_HEAD")
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				name: "non-head rejects invalid target",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.CreateSymbolic("refs/heads/invalid", "foo..bar")
-				},
-				wantErr: true,
-			},
-			{
-				name: "non-head allows worktree target",
-				queue: func(tx refstore.Transaction) error {
-					return tx.CreateSymbolic("refs/heads/worktree-target", "worktrees/wt1/HEAD")
-				},
-			},
-		}
-
-		for _, tt := range tests {
-			t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction: %v", err)
-				}
-
-				err = tt.queue(tx)
-				if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
-					t.Fatalf("queue err=%v, wantErr=%v", err, tt.wantErr)
-				}
-
-				_ = tx.Abort()
-			})
-		}
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(final symbolic): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.CreateSymbolic("refs/heads/top-level", "ORIG_HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("CreateSymbolic(top-level): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(CreateSymbolic top-level): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err := store.Resolve("refs/heads/top-level")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(top-level): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		sym, ok := got.(ref.Symbolic)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(top-level) type = %T, want ref.Symbolic", got)
-		}
-
-		if sym.Target != "ORIG_HEAD" {
-			t.Fatalf("top-level target = %q, want %q", sym.Target, "ORIG_HEAD")
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_pseudoref_test.go b/refstore/files/transaction_pseudoref_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e7af666..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_pseudoref_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestFilesTransactionPseudorefLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, aID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "A")
-		_, _, bID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "B")
-		_, _, cID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "C")
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(create): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Create("PSEUDOREF", aID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Create(PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(create PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached("PSEUDOREF")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != aID {
-			t.Fatalf("PSEUDOREF after create = %s, want %s", got.ID, aID)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(update): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Update("PSEUDOREF", bID, aID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Update(PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(update PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err = store.ResolveToDetached("PSEUDOREF")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(PSEUDOREF) after update: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != bID {
-			t.Fatalf("PSEUDOREF after update = %s, want %s", got.ID, bID)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(stale update): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Update("PSEUDOREF", cID, aID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("queue stale update: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("stale pseudoref update unexpectedly succeeded")
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(delete): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete("PSEUDOREF", bID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Delete(PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(delete PSEUDOREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("PSEUDOREF")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(PSEUDOREF after delete) err=%v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_queue.go b/refstore/files/transaction_queue.go
deleted file mode 100644
index aa2004c3..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_queue.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (tx *Transaction) queue(op queuedUpdate) error {
-	err := (&refUpdateExecutor{store: tx.store}).validateQueuedUpdate(op)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	tx.ops = append(tx.ops, op)
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_queue_ops.go b/refstore/files/transaction_queue_ops.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 047518c4..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_queue_ops.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-
-func (tx *Transaction) Create(name string, newID objectid.ObjectID) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateCreate, newID: newID})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) Update(name string, newID, oldID objectid.ObjectID) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateReplace, newID: newID, oldID: oldID})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) Delete(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateDelete, oldID: oldID})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) Verify(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateVerify, oldID: oldID})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) CreateSymbolic(name, newTarget string) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateCreateSymbolic, newTarget: newTarget})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) UpdateSymbolic(name, newTarget, oldTarget string) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateReplaceSymbolic, newTarget: newTarget, oldTarget: oldTarget})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) DeleteSymbolic(name, oldTarget string) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateDeleteSymbolic, oldTarget: oldTarget})
-}
-
-func (tx *Transaction) VerifySymbolic(name, oldTarget string) error {
-	return tx.queue(queuedUpdate{name: name, kind: updateVerifySymbolic, oldTarget: oldTarget})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_symbolic_test.go b/refstore/files/transaction_symbolic_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d0a601f1..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_symbolic_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestFilesTransactionDirectSymbolicDeletes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, mainID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "main")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", mainID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(create symref): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.CreateSymbolic("SYMREF", "refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("CreateSymbolic(SYMREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(CreateSymbolic SYMREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(delete symref): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.DeleteSymbolic("SYMREF", "refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("DeleteSymbolic(SYMREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(DeleteSymbolic SYMREF): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("SYMREF")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(SYMREF after delete) err=%v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached("refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != mainID {
-			t.Fatalf("main after DeleteSymbolic = %s, want %s", got.ID, mainID)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionSelfAndDanglingSymrefs(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, mainID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "main")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", mainID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(create self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.CreateSymbolic("refs/heads/self", "refs/heads/self")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("CreateSymbolic(self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(CreateSymbolic self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(delete logical self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete("refs/heads/self", mainID)
-		if err == nil {
-			err = tx.Commit()
-		} else {
-			_ = tx.Abort()
-		}
-
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Delete(self) unexpectedly succeeded")
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(delete symbolic self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.DeleteSymbolic("refs/heads/self", "refs/heads/self")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("DeleteSymbolic(self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(DeleteSymbolic self): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(create dangling): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.CreateSymbolic("refs/heads/dangling", "refs/heads/missing")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("CreateSymbolic(dangling): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(CreateSymbolic dangling): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(delete dangling): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.DeleteSymbolic("refs/heads/dangling", "refs/heads/missing")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("DeleteSymbolic(dangling): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(DeleteSymbolic dangling): %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/transaction_update_test.go b/refstore/files/transaction_update_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b9bd5a2d..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/transaction_update_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestFilesTransactionPackedUpdateCreatesLooseOverride(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, oldID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "old packed")
-		_, _, newID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "new loose")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", oldID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Update("refs/heads/main", newID, oldID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Update queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err := store.ResolveToDetached("refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != newID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main) = %s, want %s", got.ID, newID)
-		}
-
-		packedRefs := string(testRepo.ReadFile(t, "packed-refs"))
-		if !strings.Contains(packedRefs, oldID.String()+" refs/heads/main\n") {
-			t.Fatalf("packed-refs lost old packed main entry:\n%s", packedRefs)
-		}
-
-		looseMain := string(testRepo.ReadFile(t, "refs/heads/main"))
-		if strings.TrimSpace(looseMain) != newID.String() {
-			t.Fatalf("loose refs/heads/main = %q, want %q", strings.TrimSpace(looseMain), newID.String())
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionDeletesPackedAndLooseRefs(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, packedOnlyID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "packed only")
-		_, _, bothID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "both")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/packed", packedOnlyID)
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/both", bothID)
-		testRepo.PackRefs(t, "--all", "--prune")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/both", bothID)
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete("refs/heads/packed", packedOnlyID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Delete(packed): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Delete("refs/heads/both", bothID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Delete(both): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(delete): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/packed")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(packed after delete) error = %v", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = store.Resolve("refs/heads/both")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(both after delete) error = %v", err)
-		}
-
-		packedRefs := string(testRepo.ReadFile(t, "packed-refs"))
-		if strings.Contains(packedRefs, "refs/heads/packed\n") || strings.Contains(packedRefs, "refs/heads/both\n") {
-			t.Fatalf("packed-refs still contains deleted refs:\n%s", packedRefs)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionDerefAndDirectSymbolic(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, Bare: true})
-		_, _, firstID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "first")
-		_, _, secondID := testRepo.MakeCommit(t, "second")
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/heads/main", firstID)
-		testRepo.SymbolicRef(t, "HEAD", "refs/heads/main")
-
-		store := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-
-		tx, err := store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(update): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Update("HEAD", secondID, firstID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Update(HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(update HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		mainRef, err := store.ResolveToDetached("refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if mainRef.ID != secondID {
-			t.Fatalf("main after Update(HEAD) = %s, want %s", mainRef.ID, secondID)
-		}
-
-		tx, err = store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(update symbolic): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.UpdateSymbolic("HEAD", "refs/heads/next", "refs/heads/main")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("UpdateSymbolic(HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = tx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(update symbolic HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		headRef, err := store.Resolve("HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		headSym, ok := headRef.(ref.Symbolic)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(HEAD) type = %T, want ref.Symbolic", headRef)
-		}
-
-		if headSym.Target != "refs/heads/next" {
-			t.Fatalf("HEAD target = %q, want %q", headSym.Target, "refs/heads/next")
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/trim.go b/refstore/files/trim.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 69a851dc..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/trim.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func isRefWhitespace(r rune) bool {
-	switch r {
-	case ' ', '\t', '\n', '\r', '\v', '\f':
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_cleanup.go b/refstore/files/update_cleanup.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5df2d967..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_cleanup.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"slices"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) cleanupPreparedUpdates(prepared []preparedUpdate) error {
-	var firstErr error
-
-	lockNames := make([]string, 0, len(prepared)+1)
-	for _, item := range prepared {
-		lockNames = append(lockNames, updateTargetKey(item.target.loc))
-	}
-
-	lockNames = append(lockNames, updateTargetKey(refPath{root: rootCommon, path: "packed-refs"}))
-	slices.Sort(lockNames)
-	lockNames = slices.Compact(lockNames)
-
-	for _, lockKey := range lockNames {
-		lockPath := refPathFromKey(lockKey)
-		lockName := lockPath.path + ".lock"
-		root := executor.store.rootFor(lockPath.root)
-
-		err := root.Remove(lockName)
-		if err == nil || errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			executor.tryRemoveEmptyParentPaths(lockPath.root, lockName)
-
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if firstErr == nil {
-			firstErr = err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return firstErr
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_cleanup_parents.go b/refstore/files/update_cleanup_parents.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c62681fa..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_cleanup_parents.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) tryRemoveEmptyParents(name string) {
-	loc := executor.store.loosePath(name)
-	executor.tryRemoveEmptyParentPaths(loc.root, loc.path)
-}
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) tryRemoveEmptyParentPaths(kind rootKind, name string) {
-	root := executor.store.rootFor(kind)
-	dir := path.Dir(name)
-
-	for dir != "." && dir != "/" {
-		err := root.Remove(dir)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				return
-			}
-
-			var pathErr *os.PathError
-			if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
-				return
-			}
-
-			return
-		}
-
-		dir = path.Dir(dir)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_commit.go b/refstore/files/update_commit.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d39e990..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_commit.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) commitPreparedUpdates(prepared []preparedUpdate) (err error) {
-	defer func() {
-		_ = executor.cleanupPreparedUpdates(prepared)
-	}()
-
-	for _, item := range prepared {
-		if item.op.kind == updateDelete || item.op.kind == updateDeleteSymbolic || item.op.kind == updateVerify || item.op.kind == updateVerifySymbolic {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err = executor.writePreparedLooseUpdate(item)
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = executor.applyPackedRefDeletes(prepared)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return executor.removeDeletedLooseRefs(prepared)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_commit_delete.go b/refstore/files/update_commit_delete.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 47a600fb..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_commit_delete.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) removeDeletedLooseRefs(prepared []preparedUpdate) error {
-	for _, item := range prepared {
-		switch item.op.kind {
-		case updateDelete, updateDeleteSymbolic:
-			if item.target.ref.isLoose {
-				err := executor.store.rootFor(item.target.loc.root).Remove(item.target.loc.path)
-				if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-					return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, err)
-				}
-
-				executor.tryRemoveEmptyParents(item.target.name)
-			}
-		case updateCreate, updateReplace, updateVerify, updateCreateSymbolic, updateReplaceSymbolic, updateVerifySymbolic:
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_dir_tree.go b/refstore/files/update_dir_tree.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 51fb5cfb..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_dir_tree.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) removeEmptyDirTree(name refPath) error {
-	root := executor.store.rootFor(name.root)
-
-	info, err := root.Stat(name.path)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !info.IsDir() {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return executor.removeEmptyDirTreeRecursive(name)
-}
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) removeEmptyDirTreeRecursive(name refPath) error {
-	root := executor.store.rootFor(name.root)
-
-	dir, err := root.Open(name.path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	entries, err := dir.ReadDir(-1)
-	_ = dir.Close()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		if !entry.IsDir() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: non-empty directory blocks reference %q", name.path)
-		}
-
-		err = executor.removeEmptyDirTreeRecursive(refPath{
-			root: name.root,
-			path: path.Join(name.path, entry.Name()),
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return root.Remove(name.path)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_direct_read.go b/refstore/files/update_direct_read.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4efecdca..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_direct_read.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref/refname"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) directRead(name string) (directRefState, error) {
-	loc := executor.store.loosePath(name)
-	hasPacked := false
-
-	if loc.root == rootCommon && refname.ParseWorktree(name).Type == refname.WorktreeShared {
-		packed, packedErr := executor.store.readPackedRefs()
-		if packedErr != nil {
-			return directRefState{}, packedErr
-		}
-
-		_, hasPacked = packed.byName[name]
-	}
-
-	loose, err := executor.store.readLooseRef(name)
-	if err == nil {
-		switch loose := loose.(type) {
-		case ref.Detached:
-			return directRefState{
-				kind:     directDetached,
-				name:     name,
-				id:       loose.ID,
-				isLoose:  true,
-				isPacked: hasPacked,
-			}, nil
-		case ref.Symbolic:
-			return directRefState{
-				kind:     directSymbolic,
-				name:     name,
-				target:   loose.Target,
-				isLoose:  true,
-				isPacked: hasPacked,
-			}, nil
-		default:
-			return directRefState{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: unsupported reference type %T", loose)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-		info, statErr := executor.store.rootFor(loc.root).Stat(loc.path)
-		if statErr != nil || !info.IsDir() {
-			return directRefState{}, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if hasPacked {
-		packed, packedErr := executor.store.readPackedRefs()
-		if packedErr != nil {
-			return directRefState{}, packedErr
-		}
-
-		detached := packed.byName[name]
-
-		return directRefState{
-			kind:     directDetached,
-			name:     name,
-			id:       detached.ID,
-			isPacked: true,
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	return directRefState{
-		kind: directMissing,
-		name: name,
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_direct_ref.go b/refstore/files/update_direct_ref.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b429be0..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_direct_ref.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-
-type directRefKind uint8
-
-const (
-	directMissing directRefKind = iota
-	directDetached
-	directSymbolic
-)
-
-type directRefState struct {
-	kind     directRefKind
-	name     string
-	id       objectid.ObjectID
-	target   string
-	isLoose  bool
-	isPacked bool
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_error.go b/refstore/files/update_error.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d8841d44..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_error.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "fmt"
-
-type updateContextError struct {
-	name string
-	err  error
-}
-
-func (err *updateContextError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("refstore/files: update %q: %v", err.name, err.err)
-}
-
-func (err *updateContextError) Unwrap() error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return err.err
-}
-
-func wrapUpdateError(name string, err error) error {
-	if err == nil || name == "" {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return &updateContextError{name: name, err: err}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_executor.go b/refstore/files/update_executor.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 749f7061..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_executor.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-type refUpdateExecutor struct {
-	store *Store
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_kind.go b/refstore/files/update_kind.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f04719db..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_kind.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-type updateKind uint8
-
-const (
-	updateCreate updateKind = iota
-	updateReplace
-	updateDelete
-	updateVerify
-	updateCreateSymbolic
-	updateReplaceSymbolic
-	updateDeleteSymbolic
-	updateVerifySymbolic
-)
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_lock.go b/refstore/files/update_lock.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1ce9adbb..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_lock.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) createUpdateLock(name refPath) error {
-	root := executor.store.rootFor(name.root)
-	dir := path.Dir(name.path)
-
-	if dir != "." {
-		err := root.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	file, err := root.OpenFile(name.path+".lock", os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return file.Close()
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_lock_packed.go b/refstore/files/update_lock_packed.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f74a4f5e..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_lock_packed.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) createPackedRefsLock(timeout time.Duration) error {
-	const (
-		initialBackoffMs     = 1
-		backoffMaxMultiplier = 1000
-	)
-
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-	multiplier := 1
-	n := 1
-
-	for {
-		file, err := executor.store.commonRoot.OpenFile("packed-refs.lock", os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0o644)
-		if err == nil {
-			return file.Close()
-		}
-
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrExist) {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if timeout == 0 || (timeout > 0 && time.Now().After(deadline)) {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		backoffMs := multiplier * initialBackoffMs
-		waitMs := (750 + executor.store.lockRand.Intn(500)) * backoffMs / 1000
-		time.Sleep(time.Duration(waitMs) * time.Millisecond)
-
-		multiplier += 2*n + 1
-		if multiplier > backoffMaxMultiplier {
-			multiplier = backoffMaxMultiplier
-		} else {
-			n++
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_operation_prepared.go b/refstore/files/update_operation_prepared.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c50fea4e..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_operation_prepared.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-type preparedUpdate struct {
-	op     queuedUpdate
-	target resolvedUpdateTarget
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_operation_queue.go b/refstore/files/update_operation_queue.go
deleted file mode 100644
index ef7ced2f..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_operation_queue.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-
-type queuedUpdate struct {
-	name      string
-	kind      updateKind
-	newID     objectid.ObjectID
-	oldID     objectid.ObjectID
-	newTarget string
-	oldTarget string
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_path.go b/refstore/files/update_path.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2bd42535..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_path.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-type refPath struct {
-	root rootKind
-	path string
-}
-
-func updateTargetKey(name refPath) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%d:%s", name.root, name.path)
-}
-
-func refPathFromKey(key string) refPath {
-	rootValue, pathValue, ok := strings.Cut(key, ":")
-	if !ok || rootValue == "" {
-		return refPath{root: rootCommon, path: key}
-	}
-
-	if rootValue == "0" {
-		return refPath{root: rootGit, path: pathValue}
-	}
-
-	return refPath{root: rootCommon, path: pathValue}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_prepare.go b/refstore/files/update_prepare.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 035c0bc2..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_prepare.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) prepareUpdates(ops []queuedUpdate) (prepared []preparedUpdate, err error) {
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = executor.cleanupPreparedUpdates(prepared)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	prepared, err = executor.resolvePreparedUpdates(ops)
-	if err != nil {
-		return prepared, err
-	}
-
-	deleted, written := collectPreparedWrites(prepared)
-
-	existing, err := executor.collectVisibleNames()
-	if err != nil {
-		return prepared, err
-	}
-
-	for _, name := range written {
-		err = verifyRefnameAvailable(name, existing, written, deleted)
-		if err != nil {
-			return prepared, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = executor.prepareUpdateLocks(prepared)
-	if err != nil {
-		return prepared, err
-	}
-
-	hasDeletes := len(deleted) > 0
-	if hasDeletes {
-		err = executor.createPackedRefsLock(executor.store.packedRefsTimeout)
-		if err != nil {
-			return prepared, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = executor.verifyPreparedUpdates(prepared)
-	if err != nil {
-		return prepared, err
-	}
-
-	return prepared, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_prepare_lock.go b/refstore/files/update_prepare_lock.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 67db9628..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_prepare_lock.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "slices"
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) prepareUpdateLocks(prepared []preparedUpdate) error {
-	lockNames := make([]string, 0, len(prepared))
-	for _, item := range prepared {
-		lockNames = append(lockNames, updateTargetKey(item.target.loc))
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(lockNames)
-
-	for _, lockKey := range lockNames {
-		lockPath := refPathFromKey(lockKey)
-
-		err := executor.createUpdateLock(lockPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			for _, item := range prepared {
-				if updateTargetKey(item.target.loc) == lockKey {
-					return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_prepare_resolve.go b/refstore/files/update_prepare_resolve.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e0e92ab..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_prepare_resolve.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) resolvePreparedUpdates(ops []queuedUpdate) ([]preparedUpdate, error) {
-	prepared := make([]preparedUpdate, 0, len(ops))
-	targets := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ops))
-
-	for _, op := range ops {
-		target, err := executor.resolveQueuedUpdateTarget(op)
-		if err != nil {
-			return prepared, err
-		}
-
-		targetKey := updateTargetKey(target.loc)
-		if _, exists := targets[targetKey]; exists {
-			return prepared, wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.DuplicateUpdateError{})
-		}
-
-		targets[targetKey] = struct{}{}
-
-		prepared = append(prepared, preparedUpdate{op: op, target: target})
-	}
-
-	return prepared, nil
-}
-
-func collectPreparedWrites(prepared []preparedUpdate) (deleted map[string]struct{}, written []string) {
-	deleted = make(map[string]struct{})
-	written = make([]string, 0, len(prepared))
-
-	for _, item := range prepared {
-		switch item.op.kind {
-		case updateDelete, updateDeleteSymbolic:
-			deleted[item.target.name] = struct{}{}
-		case updateCreate, updateReplace, updateCreateSymbolic, updateReplaceSymbolic:
-			written = append(written, item.target.name)
-		case updateVerify, updateVerifySymbolic:
-		}
-	}
-
-	return deleted, written
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_prepare_verify.go b/refstore/files/update_prepare_verify.go
deleted file mode 100644
index dcd14945..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_prepare_verify.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) verifyPreparedUpdates(prepared []preparedUpdate) error {
-	for i := range prepared {
-		item := &prepared[i]
-
-		refState, err := executor.directRead(item.target.name)
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, err)
-		}
-
-		item.target.ref = refState
-
-		err = executor.verifyPreparedUpdateCurrent(*item)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_resolve_target.go b/refstore/files/update_resolve_target.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7cfb9aa1..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_resolve_target.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import "fmt"
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) resolveQueuedUpdateTarget(op queuedUpdate) (resolvedUpdateTarget, error) {
-	switch op.kind {
-	case updateCreate:
-		return executor.resolveOrdinaryTarget(op.name, true)
-	case updateReplace, updateDelete, updateVerify:
-		return executor.resolveOrdinaryTarget(op.name, false)
-	case updateCreateSymbolic, updateReplaceSymbolic, updateDeleteSymbolic, updateVerifySymbolic:
-		refState, err := executor.directRead(op.name)
-		if err != nil {
-			return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, err
-		}
-
-		return resolvedUpdateTarget{name: op.name, loc: executor.store.loosePath(op.name), ref: refState}, nil
-	default:
-		return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: unsupported update operation %d", op.kind)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_resolve_target_ordinary.go b/refstore/files/update_resolve_target_ordinary.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 34206e0b..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_resolve_target_ordinary.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) resolveOrdinaryTarget(name string, allowMissing bool) (resolvedUpdateTarget, error) {
-	cur := name
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	for {
-		if _, ok := seen[cur]; ok {
-			return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: symbolic reference cycle at %q", cur)
-		}
-
-		seen[cur] = struct{}{}
-
-		refState, err := executor.directRead(cur)
-		if err != nil {
-			return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, err
-		}
-
-		switch refState.kind {
-		case directMissing:
-			if !allowMissing {
-				return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, wrapUpdateError(name, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound)
-			}
-
-			return resolvedUpdateTarget{name: cur, loc: executor.store.loosePath(cur), ref: refState}, nil
-		case directDetached:
-			return resolvedUpdateTarget{name: cur, loc: executor.store.loosePath(cur), ref: refState}, nil
-		case directSymbolic:
-			target := strings.TrimSpace(refState.target)
-			if target == "" {
-				return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, wrapUpdateError(name, &refstore.InvalidValueError{
-					Err: fmt.Errorf("symbolic reference has empty target"),
-				})
-			}
-
-			cur = target
-		default:
-			return resolvedUpdateTarget{}, fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: unsupported direct reference state %d", refState.kind)
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_target_resolved.go b/refstore/files/update_target_resolved.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c29e5938..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_target_resolved.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-type resolvedUpdateTarget struct {
-	name string
-	loc  refPath
-	ref  directRefState
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_validate.go b/refstore/files/update_validate.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 94a53fb7..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_validate.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref/refname"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) validateQueuedUpdate(op queuedUpdate) error {
-	if op.name == "" {
-		return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidNameError{Err: fmt.Errorf("empty reference name")})
-	}
-
-	switch op.kind {
-	case updateCreate, updateReplace:
-		err := refname.ValidateUpdateName(op.name, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidNameError{Err: err})
-		}
-
-		if op.newID.Size() == 0 {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidValueError{Err: objectid.ErrInvalidAlgorithm})
-		}
-	case updateDelete, updateVerify:
-		err := refname.ValidateUpdateName(op.name, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidNameError{Err: err})
-		}
-
-		if op.oldID.Size() == 0 {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidValueError{Err: objectid.ErrInvalidAlgorithm})
-		}
-	case updateCreateSymbolic, updateReplaceSymbolic:
-		err := refname.ValidateUpdateName(op.name, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidNameError{Err: err})
-		}
-
-		if strings.TrimSpace(op.newTarget) == "" {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidValueError{Err: fmt.Errorf("empty symbolic target")})
-		}
-
-		err = refname.ValidateSymbolicTarget(op.name, strings.TrimSpace(op.newTarget))
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidValueError{Err: err})
-		}
-	case updateDeleteSymbolic, updateVerifySymbolic:
-		err := refname.ValidateUpdateName(op.name, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidNameError{Err: err})
-		}
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: unsupported update operation %d", op.kind)
-	}
-
-	if op.kind == updateReplaceSymbolic || op.kind == updateDeleteSymbolic || op.kind == updateVerifySymbolic {
-		if strings.TrimSpace(op.oldTarget) == "" {
-			return wrapUpdateError(op.name, &refstore.InvalidValueError{Err: fmt.Errorf("empty symbolic old target")})
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_verify_current.go b/refstore/files/update_verify_current.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f8035994..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_verify_current.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) verifyPreparedUpdateCurrent(item preparedUpdate) error {
-	switch item.op.kind {
-	case updateCreate:
-		if item.target.ref.kind != directMissing {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, &refstore.CreateExistsError{})
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	case updateReplace, updateDelete, updateVerify:
-		if item.target.ref.kind == directMissing {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound)
-		}
-
-		if item.target.ref.kind != directDetached {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, &refstore.ExpectedDetachedError{})
-		}
-
-		if item.target.ref.id != item.op.oldID {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, &refstore.IncorrectOldValueError{
-				Actual:   item.target.ref.id.String(),
-				Expected: item.op.oldID.String(),
-			})
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	case updateCreateSymbolic:
-		if item.target.ref.kind != directMissing {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, &refstore.CreateExistsError{})
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	case updateReplaceSymbolic, updateDeleteSymbolic, updateVerifySymbolic:
-		if item.target.ref.kind == directMissing {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound)
-		}
-
-		if item.target.ref.kind != directSymbolic {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, &refstore.ExpectedSymbolicError{})
-		}
-
-		if strings.TrimSpace(item.target.ref.target) != strings.TrimSpace(item.op.oldTarget) {
-			return wrapUpdateError(item.op.name, &refstore.IncorrectOldValueError{
-				Actual:   strings.TrimSpace(item.target.ref.target),
-				Expected: strings.TrimSpace(item.op.oldTarget),
-			})
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_verify_refnames.go b/refstore/files/update_verify_refnames.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 12d67c5f..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_verify_refnames.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func verifyRefnameAvailable(name string, existing map[string]struct{}, writes []string, deleted map[string]struct{}) error {
-	for existingName := range existing {
-		if existingName == name {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if _, skip := deleted[existingName]; skip {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if refnamesConflict(name, existingName) {
-			return wrapUpdateError(name, &refstore.NameConflictError{Other: existingName})
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, other := range writes {
-		if other == name {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if refnamesConflict(name, other) {
-			return wrapUpdateError(name, &refstore.NameConflictError{Other: other})
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func refnamesConflict(left, right string) bool {
-	return left == right ||
-		strings.HasPrefix(left, right+"/") ||
-		strings.HasPrefix(right, left+"/")
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_visible_names.go b/refstore/files/update_visible_names.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f5792f93..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_visible_names.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) collectVisibleNames() (map[string]struct{}, error) {
-	names := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	looseNames, err := executor.store.collectLooseRefNames()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, name := range looseNames {
-		names[name] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	packed, err := executor.store.readPackedRefs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for name := range packed.byName {
-		if _, exists := names[name]; exists {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		names[name] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	return names, nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_write_loose.go b/refstore/files/update_write_loose.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 212be9a8..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_write_loose.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) writePreparedLooseUpdate(item preparedUpdate) error {
-	root := executor.store.rootFor(item.target.loc.root)
-	lockName := item.target.loc.path + ".lock"
-
-	lock, err := root.OpenFile(lockName, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	var content string
-
-	switch item.op.kind {
-	case updateCreate, updateReplace:
-		content = item.op.newID.String() + "\n"
-	case updateCreateSymbolic, updateReplaceSymbolic:
-		content = "ref: " + strings.TrimSpace(item.op.newTarget) + "\n"
-	case updateDelete, updateVerify, updateDeleteSymbolic, updateVerifySymbolic:
-	default:
-		_ = lock.Close()
-
-		return fmt.Errorf("refstore/files: unsupported write operation %d", item.op.kind)
-	}
-
-	_, err = lock.WriteString(content)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = lock.Close()
-
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = lock.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	dir := path.Dir(item.target.loc.path)
-	if dir != "." {
-		err = root.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = executor.removeEmptyDirTree(item.target.loc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return root.Rename(lockName, item.target.loc.path)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/update_write_packed_refs.go b/refstore/files/update_write_packed_refs.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c7eea780..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/update_write_packed_refs.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-package files
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-)
-
-func (executor *refUpdateExecutor) applyPackedRefDeletes(prepared []preparedUpdate) error {
-	_, err := executor.store.commonRoot.Stat("packed-refs.lock")
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		return err
-	}
-
-	packed, err := executor.store.readPackedRefs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	deleted := make(map[string]struct{})
-	needed := false
-
-	for _, item := range prepared {
-		if item.op.kind != updateDelete && item.op.kind != updateDeleteSymbolic {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		deleted[item.target.name] = struct{}{}
-		if item.target.ref.isPacked {
-			needed = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !needed {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	lock, err := executor.store.commonRoot.OpenFile("packed-refs.new", os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	createdTemp := true
-
-	defer func() {
-		if !createdTemp {
-			return
-		}
-
-		_ = executor.store.commonRoot.Remove("packed-refs.new")
-	}()
-
-	_, err = lock.WriteString("# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled sorted\n")
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = lock.Close()
-
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, entry := range packed.ordered {
-		if _, skip := deleted[entry.Name()]; skip {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		_, err = lock.WriteString(entry.ID.String() + " " + entry.Name() + "\n")
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = lock.Close()
-
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if entry.Peeled != nil {
-			_, err = lock.WriteString("^" + entry.Peeled.String() + "\n")
-			if err != nil {
-				_ = lock.Close()
-
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = lock.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = executor.store.commonRoot.Rename("packed-refs.new", "packed-refs")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	createdTemp = false
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/refstore/files/worktree_test.go b/refstore/files/worktree_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a66b7a6..00000000
--- a/refstore/files/worktree_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-package files_test
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"slices"
-	"testing"
-
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/internal/testgit"
-	objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-	"codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/refstore"
-)
-
-func TestFilesWorktreeRefsMatchGit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-
-		testRepo.Run(t, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial")
-
-		initialID, err := objectid.ParseHex(algo, testRepo.Run(t, "rev-parse", "HEAD"))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ParseHex(initial HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.Run(t, "branch", "wt1", initialID.String())
-		testRepo.Run(t, "branch", "wt2", initialID.String())
-		testRepo.Run(t, "worktree", "add", "wt1", "wt1")
-		testRepo.Run(t, "worktree", "add", "wt2", "wt2")
-
-		testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "wt1")
-		testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt2", "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "wt2")
-
-		wt1ID, err := objectid.ParseHex(algo, testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "rev-parse", "HEAD"))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ParseHex(wt1 HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		wt2ID, err := objectid.ParseHex(algo, testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt2", "rev-parse", "HEAD"))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ParseHex(wt2 HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.UpdateRef(t, "refs/worktree/foo", initialID)
-		testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "update-ref", "refs/worktree/foo", wt1ID.String())
-		testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt2", "update-ref", "refs/worktree/foo", wt2ID.String())
-
-		mainStore := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-		repoRoot := testRepo.OpenRoot(t)
-		wt1Store := openFilesStoreAt(t, openGitRootUnder(t, repoRoot, "wt1"), algo)
-		wt2Store := openFilesStoreAt(t, openGitRootUnder(t, repoRoot, "wt2"), algo)
-
-		got, err := mainStore.ResolveToDetached("refs/worktree/foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main refs/worktree/foo): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != initialID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main refs/worktree/foo) = %s, want %s", got.ID, initialID)
-		}
-
-		got, err = wt1Store.ResolveToDetached("refs/worktree/foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt1 refs/worktree/foo): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != wt1ID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt1 refs/worktree/foo) = %s, want %s", got.ID, wt1ID)
-		}
-
-		got, err = wt2Store.ResolveToDetached("refs/worktree/foo")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt2 refs/worktree/foo): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != wt2ID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt2 refs/worktree/foo) = %s, want %s", got.ID, wt2ID)
-		}
-
-		got, err = wt1Store.ResolveToDetached("main-worktree/HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt1 main-worktree/HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != initialID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt1 main-worktree/HEAD) = %s, want %s", got.ID, initialID)
-		}
-
-		got, err = mainStore.ResolveToDetached("worktrees/wt1/HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main worktrees/wt1/HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != wt1ID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main worktrees/wt1/HEAD) = %s, want %s", got.ID, wt1ID)
-		}
-
-		got, err = wt2Store.ResolveToDetached("worktrees/wt1/HEAD")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt2 worktrees/wt1/HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != wt1ID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt2 worktrees/wt1/HEAD) = %s, want %s", got.ID, wt1ID)
-		}
-
-		assertListMatchesGitForEachRef(t, testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(refname)"), mainStore)
-		assertListMatchesGitForEachRef(t, testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "for-each-ref", "--format=%(refname)"), wt1Store)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestFilesTransactionPerWorktreeRefsMatchGit(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testgit.ForEachAlgorithm(t, func(t *testing.T, algo objectid.Algorithm) { //nolint:thelper
-		testRepo := testgit.NewRepo(t, testgit.RepoOptions{ObjectFormat: algo, RefFormat: "files"})
-		testRepo.Run(t, "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "initial")
-		testRepo.Run(t, "branch", "wt1", "HEAD")
-		testRepo.Run(t, "worktree", "add", "wt1", "wt1")
-
-		mainID, err := objectid.ParseHex(algo, testRepo.Run(t, "rev-parse", "HEAD"))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ParseHex(main HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "commit", "--allow-empty", "-m", "wt1")
-
-		wt1ID, err := objectid.ParseHex(algo, testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "rev-parse", "HEAD"))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ParseHex(wt1 HEAD): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		mainStore := openFilesStore(t, testRepo, algo)
-		repoRoot := testRepo.OpenRoot(t)
-		wt1Store := openFilesStoreAt(t, openGitRootUnder(t, repoRoot, "wt1"), algo)
-
-		mainTx, err := mainStore.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(main): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = mainTx.Create("refs/bisect/main-only", mainID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Create(main-only) queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = mainTx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(main-only): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		wtTx, err := wt1Store.BeginTransaction()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("BeginTransaction(wt1): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = wtTx.Create("refs/bisect/wt-only", wt1ID)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Create(wt-only) queue: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		err = wtTx.Commit()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Commit(wt-only): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		got, err := mainStore.ResolveToDetached("refs/bisect/main-only")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main-only): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != mainID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(main-only) = %s, want %s", got.ID, mainID)
-		}
-
-		got, err = wt1Store.ResolveToDetached("refs/bisect/wt-only")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt-only): %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if got.ID != wt1ID {
-			t.Fatalf("ResolveToDetached(wt-only) = %s, want %s", got.ID, wt1ID)
-		}
-
-		_, err = mainStore.Resolve("refs/bisect/wt-only")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(main sees wt-only) error = %v, want ErrReferenceNotFound", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = wt1Store.Resolve("refs/bisect/main-only")
-		if !errors.Is(err, refstore.ErrReferenceNotFound) {
-			t.Fatalf("Resolve(wt sees main-only) error = %v, want ErrReferenceNotFound", err)
-		}
-
-		mainRefs := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "for-each-ref", "--format=%(refname)", "refs/bisect"))
-
-		wtRefs := forEachRefLines(testRepo.Run(t, "-C", "wt1", "for-each-ref", "--format=%(refname)", "refs/bisect"))
-		if !slices.Equal(mainRefs, []string{"refs/bisect/main-only"}) {
-			t.Fatalf("main for-each-ref refs/bisect = %v", mainRefs)
-		}
-
-		if !slices.Equal(wtRefs, []string{"refs/bisect/wt-only"}) {
-			t.Fatalf("wt1 for-each-ref refs/bisect = %v", wtRefs)
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/refstore/read_write_store.go b/refstore/read_write_store.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7be1af61..00000000
--- a/refstore/read_write_store.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-// ReadWriteStore supports reading, atomic transactions, and non-atomic batches.
-type ReadWriteStore interface {
-	ReadingStore
-	TransactionalStore
-	BatchStore
-}
diff --git a/refstore/reading.go b/refstore/reading.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3444f07f..00000000
--- a/refstore/reading.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-import "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/ref"
-
-// ReadingStore reads Git references.
-type ReadingStore interface {
-	// Resolve resolves a reference name to either a symbolic or detached ref.
-	//
-	// Implementations should return value forms (ref.Detached or ref.Symbolic),
-	// not pointer forms. Returned refs do not borrow the store.
-	// If the reference does not exist, implementations should return
-	// ErrReferenceNotFound.
-	Resolve(name string) (ref.Ref, error)
-	// ResolveToDetached resolves a reference name to a detached object ID.
-	//
-	// Implementations may use backend-local lookup semantics for symbolic hops.
-	// Callers that need cross-backend symbolic resolution (for example in a
-	// chain of stores) should prefer repeatedly calling Resolve.
-	//
-	// ResolveToDetached resolves symbolic references only. It does not imply peeling
-	// annotated tag objects.
-	ResolveToDetached(name string) (ref.Detached, error)
-	// List returns references matching pattern.
-	//
-	// The exact pattern language is backend-defined.
-	List(pattern string) ([]ref.Ref, error)
-	// Close releases resources associated with the store.
-	//
-	// Transactions and batches borrowing the store are invalid after Close.
-	//
-	// Repeated calls to Close are undefined behavior unless the implementation
-	// explicitly documents otherwise.
-	Close() error
-}
diff --git a/refstore/transaction.go b/refstore/transaction.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a70cd3d4..00000000
--- a/refstore/transaction.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-import objectid "codeberg.org/lindenii/furgit/object/id"
-
-// Transaction stages reference updates for one atomic commit.
-//
-// A transaction borrows its underlying store and is invalid after that store
-// is closed.
-//
-// Ordinary methods operate in dereference mode if name resolves to
-// a symbolic ref, the operation applies to the final referent rather
-// than to the symbolic ref itself.
-//
-// Symbolic methods operate on the named reference directly, without
-// dereferencing symbolic refs.
-type Transaction interface {
-	// Create creates one detached reference, requiring that the logical
-	// reference does not already exist.
-	Create(name string, newID objectid.ObjectID) error
-	// Update updates one detached reference, requiring that the current logical
-	// reference value matches oldID.
-	Update(name string, newID, oldID objectid.ObjectID) error
-	// Delete deletes one detached reference, requiring that the current logical
-	// reference value matches oldID.
-	Delete(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID) error
-	// Verify verifies that the current logical reference value matches oldID.
-	Verify(name string, oldID objectid.ObjectID) error
-
-	// CreateSymbolic creates one symbolic reference, requiring that the named
-	// reference does not already exist.
-	CreateSymbolic(name, newTarget string) error
-	// UpdateSymbolic updates one symbolic reference directly, requiring that its
-	// current target matches oldTarget.
-	UpdateSymbolic(name, newTarget, oldTarget string) error
-	// DeleteSymbolic deletes one symbolic reference directly, requiring that its
-	// current target matches oldTarget.
-	DeleteSymbolic(name, oldTarget string) error
-	// VerifySymbolic verifies that the named symbolic reference currently points
-	// at oldTarget.
-	VerifySymbolic(name, oldTarget string) error
-
-	// Commit validates and applies all queued operations atomically.
-	//
-	// Commit is terminal. Further use of the transaction is undefined behavior.
-	Commit() error
-	// Abort abandons the transaction and releases any resources it holds.
-	//
-	// Abort is terminal. Further use of the transaction is undefined behavior.
-	Abort() error
-}
diff --git a/refstore/transactional_store.go b/refstore/transactional_store.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f5c32cd..00000000
--- a/refstore/transactional_store.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-// TransactionalStore begins atomic reference transactions.
-//
-// Not every readable reference store is writable. Implementations should only
-// satisfy TransactionalStore when they can stage and commit reference updates
-// atomically within that backend.
-type TransactionalStore interface {
-	// BeginTransaction creates one new mutable transaction.
-	BeginTransaction() (Transaction, error)
-}
diff --git a/refstore/update_errors.go b/refstore/update_errors.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f05f37d2..00000000
--- a/refstore/update_errors.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-package refstore
-
-import "fmt"
-
-// InvalidNameError indicates that one requested reference name is invalid.
-type InvalidNameError struct {
-	Err error
-}
-
-func (err *InvalidNameError) Error() string {
-	if err == nil || err.Err == nil {
-		return "invalid reference name"
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("invalid reference name: %v", err.Err)
-}
-
-func (err *InvalidNameError) Unwrap() error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return err.Err
-}
-
-// InvalidValueError indicates that one requested reference value is invalid.
-type InvalidValueError struct {
-	Err error
-}
-
-func (err *InvalidValueError) Error() string {
-	if err == nil || err.Err == nil {
-		return "invalid reference value"
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("invalid reference value: %v", err.Err)
-}
-
-func (err *InvalidValueError) Unwrap() error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return err.Err
-}
-
-// DuplicateUpdateError indicates that one batch or transaction includes a
-// duplicate update target.
-type DuplicateUpdateError struct{}
-
-func (err *DuplicateUpdateError) Error() string {
-	return "duplicate reference update"
-}
-
-// CreateExistsError indicates that one create operation targeted an existing
-// reference.
-type CreateExistsError struct{}
-
-func (err *CreateExistsError) Error() string {
-	return "reference already exists"
-}
-
-// IncorrectOldValueError indicates that one operation's expected old value did
-// not match the current reference value.
-type IncorrectOldValueError struct {
-	Actual   string
-	Expected string
-}
-
-func (err *IncorrectOldValueError) Error() string {
-	if err == nil {
-		return "incorrect old value provided"
-	}
-
-	if err.Actual == "" && err.Expected == "" {
-		return "incorrect old value provided"
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("incorrect old value provided: got %q, expected %q", err.Actual, err.Expected)
-}
-
-// ExpectedDetachedError indicates that one operation required a detached
-// reference but found a different kind.
-type ExpectedDetachedError struct{}
-
-func (err *ExpectedDetachedError) Error() string {
-	return "expected detached reference"
-}
-
-// ExpectedSymbolicError indicates that one operation required a symbolic
-// reference but found a different kind.
-type ExpectedSymbolicError struct{}
-
-func (err *ExpectedSymbolicError) Error() string {
-	return "expected symbolic reference"
-}
-
-// NameConflictError indicates that one reference name conflicts with another
-// visible or queued reference name.
-type NameConflictError struct {
-	Other string
-}
-
-func (err *NameConflictError) Error() string {
-	if err == nil || err.Other == "" {
-		return "reference name conflict"
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("reference name conflict with %q", err.Other)
-}